Health Library
Know More About Your Health
Plain-language guides on common conditions — written to help you understand what's going on before your appointment, not replace the conversation with your doctor.
Plain-language guides on common conditions — written to help you understand what's going on before your appointment, not replace the conversation with your doctor.
Epilepsy is a condition in which a person has a tendency to recurrent seizures caused by sudden bursts of abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
Read the full article →Video EEG monitoring records a patient's brain electrical activity (EEG) alongside video of their behaviour, continuously over hours or days in hospit…
Read the full article →Epilepsy surgery is an option for people whose seizures are not controlled by medication.
Read the full article →If someone has a seizure, keep them safe — ease them down, protect the head, turn them on their side, do not restrain them or put anything in the mout…
Read the full article →Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological condition causing tremor, slowness of movement, stiffness and balance problems, due to loss of dopam…
Read the full article →Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical treatment for Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor and some other movement disorders.
Read the full article →Tremor is an involuntary rhythmic shaking, most often of the hands.
Read the full article →Migraine is a neurological condition, not just a severe headache.
Read the full article →Neuro critical care is specialised intensive care for patients with severe brain and nervous system emergencies — major stroke, brain haemorrhage, ser…
Read the full article →Cancer is treated using one or a combination of approaches: surgery to remove tumours, chemotherapy and targeted drugs that act on cancer cells, radia…
Read the full article →Common cancer warning signs include an unexplained lump, unintended weight loss, persistent fatigue, unusual bleeding, a sore that does not heal, a ch…
Read the full article →Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill or slow cancer cells throughout the body.
Read the full article →Seeking a second opinion after a cancer diagnosis is a normal, sensible step — not a sign of distrust.
Read the full article →Endoscopy and colonoscopy are procedures that let a doctor look directly inside the digestive tract using a thin, flexible camera.
Read the full article →Colorectal cancer is one of the few cancers that can often be prevented, because it usually develops slowly from polyps that a colonoscopy can find an…
Read the full article →Fatty liver disease is a build-up of fat in the liver, increasingly common with rising rates of obesity and diabetes.
Read the full article →Most back and neck pain does not need surgery and improves with time, physiotherapy and medication.
Read the full article →Sciatica is pain that radiates from the lower back down through the buttock and leg, caused by irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve — most o…
Read the full article →A "slipped disc" (herniated disc) is when the soft cushion between two spine bones bulges or leaks and presses on a nearby nerve.
Read the full article →A high-risk pregnancy is one where the mother or baby has a higher chance of complications, due to factors like maternal age, pre-existing conditions …
Read the full article →PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) is a common hormonal condition that can cause irregular periods, excess hair growth, acne, weight gain and difficulty…
Read the full article →Gynaecological laparoscopy is keyhole surgery to diagnose and treat conditions of the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes — such as ovarian cysts, fib…
Read the full article →Occasional tonsillitis is treated with medication and does not need surgery.
Read the full article →Hearing loss has many causes — from simple earwax blockage and ear infections to age-related and nerve-related loss.
Read the full article →Most coughs from a cold clear within two to three weeks.
Read the full article →Smoking damages the airways and air sacs of the lungs, causing chronic bronchitis, COPD and raising cancer risk.
Read the full article →Robotic knee replacement uses a robotic-arm system to place the knee implant with sub-millimetre precision based on a 3D plan of your knee.
Read the full article →A kidney transplant places a healthy kidney from a living or deceased donor into a person whose kidneys have failed.
Read the full article →A heart attack happens when a coronary artery supplying the heart becomes blocked, cutting off blood flow to heart muscle.
Read the full article →A stroke happens when blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted — either by a clot blocking an artery (ischaemic stroke) or a bleed (haemorrhag…
Read the full article →After knee replacement, most patients walk with support within a day, leave hospital in 2–4 days, walk unaided by around 3–6 weeks, drive by about 6 w…
Read the full article →There is no fixed age cut-off for knee replacement.
Read the full article →Dialysis and transplant are the two treatments for kidney failure.
Read the full article →Angioplasty opens a blocked artery from inside using a balloon and stent, without open surgery.
Read the full article →After a heart stent, the artery is open, but the underlying disease remains.
Read the full article →Cholesterol is not simply "bad." Your body needs it, but high levels of LDL ("bad") cholesterol raise the risk of artery blockages, while HDL ("good")…
Read the full article →A TIA (transient ischaemic attack), or mini-stroke, causes stroke-like symptoms — weakness, slurred speech, facial droop — that resolve, usually withi…
Read the full article →Stroke recovery varies with the severity and location of the stroke.
Read the full article →Keyhole (laparoscopic) surgery is done through a few small cuts using a camera and slim instruments, instead of one large incision.
Read the full article →Gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy) is usually needed when gallstones cause pain, inflammation or blockage.
Read the full article →A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the muscle wall, often seen as a bulge in the abdomen or groin.
Read the full article →Sudden weakness, slurred speech, or facial drooping are warning signs that need emergency care immediately, not a wait-and-see approach.
Read the full article →Precision implant placement, potentially faster early recovery — here's what the robotic system actually changes for a patient.
Read the full article →What arthroscopic ACL reconstruction involves, and a realistic timeline for returning to your sport.
Read the full article →Most back pain improves on its own — here's what separates a routine ache from something that needs evaluation.
Read the full article →Interventional pain management can target the exact source of pain — often without open surgery.
Read about Pain Management →What systolic and diastolic actually measure, and when a reading needs medical attention rather than home monitoring.
Try the BP Checker Tool →How to tell persistent heartburn apart from an ulcer or something that needs a closer look.
Read the full article →Both cause breathing difficulty, but the cause, onset, and treatment are genuinely different — here's how pulmonologists tell them apart.
Read the full article →Most sinus infections resolve with medication — here's what indicates a case that won't.
Read the full article →The practical differences in timeline, evaluation, and what to expect from each pathway.
Read the full article →Persistent headaches, new seizures, or progressive weakness are signals worth an urgent evaluation.
Read about Neurosurgery →Confusing diagnosis, major surgery, rare condition — the situations where a second opinion genuinely helps.
Learn About Second Opinions →Not for emergencies — call 90331 14444 (24×7)