Parkinson’s Disease: Symptoms, Treatment and When DBS Helps

Recognising Parkinson’s

Parkinson’s often begins subtly: a slight tremor in one hand at rest, a change in handwriting becoming smaller, reduced arm swing when walking, stiffness, or a general slowing of movement. Non-movement symptoms like reduced sense of smell, disturbed sleep or low mood can precede the obvious signs. Because it develops gradually, it is often attributed to ageing at first — but early diagnosis allows earlier, effective treatment.

How It Is Treated

Parkinson’s is caused by a shortage of dopamine, a brain chemical essential for smooth movement. Medications that replace or mimic dopamine are highly effective, especially in the early and middle years, restoring much normal movement. Treatment is tailored and adjusted over time by a neurologist as the condition evolves. Alongside medication, regular exercise and physiotherapy have a genuine, evidence-based benefit.

When Medication Becomes Less Reliable

After some years, many people find their medication wears off between doses or causes involuntary movements, making symptom control a daily balancing act. When this happens despite careful adjustment, it is the point to consider whether deep brain stimulation could help — not as a last resort, but as an effective next step for the right candidate.

Living Well With Parkinson’s

Parkinson’s is a long journey, and a great deal can be done to live well through it: optimised medication, regular exercise, physiotherapy and speech therapy as needed, and attention to sleep, mood and nutrition. With good specialist care, many people maintain a full and active life for many years after diagnosis.

Common Questions